Configuration provider¶

Configuration provider provides configuration options to the other providers.

import boto3
from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()

    s3_client_factory = providers.Factory(
        boto3.client,
        's3',
        aws_access_key_id=config.aws.access_key_id,
        aws_secret_access_key=config.aws.secret_access_key,
    )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()
    container.config.from_dict(
        {
            'aws': {
                 'access_key_id': 'KEY',
                 'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
             },
        },
    )
    s3_client = container.s3_client_factory()

It implements the principle “use first, define later”.

Loading from an INI file
Loading from a YAML file
Loading from a Pydantic settings
Loading from a dictionary
Loading from an environment variable
Loading a value
Loading from the multiple sources
Using environment variables in configuration files
Mandatory and optional sources
Specifying the value type
Strict mode and required options
Aliases
Injecting invariants

Loading from an INI file¶

Configuration provider can load configuration from an ini file using the Configuration.from_ini() method:

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    container.config.from_ini('examples/providers/configuration/config.ini')

    assert container.config() == {
        'aws': {
            'access_key_id': 'KEY',
            'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
        },
    }
    assert container.config.aws() == {
        'access_key_id': 'KEY',
        'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
    }
    assert container.config.aws.access_key_id() == 'KEY'
    assert container.config.aws.secret_access_key() == 'SECRET'

where examples/providers/configuration/config.ini is:

[aws]
access_key_id = KEY
secret_access_key = SECRET

Configuration.from_ini() method supports environment variables interpolation.

[section]
option1 = {$ENV_VAR}
option2 = {$ENV_VAR}/path
option3 = {$ENV_VAR:default}

Loading from a YAML file¶

Configuration provider can load configuration from a yaml file using the Configuration.from_yaml() method:

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    container.config.from_yaml('examples/providers/configuration/config.yml')

    assert container.config() == {
        'aws': {
            'access_key_id': 'KEY',
            'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
        },
    }
    assert container.config.aws() == {
        'access_key_id': 'KEY',
        'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
    }
    assert container.config.aws.access_key_id() == 'KEY'
    assert container.config.aws.secret_access_key() == 'SECRET'

where examples/providers/configuration/config.yml is:

aws:
  access_key_id: "KEY"
  secret_access_key: "SECRET"

Configuration.from_yaml() method supports environment variables interpolation.

section:
  option1: {$ENV_VAR}
  option2: {$ENV_VAR}/path
  option3: {$ENV_VAR:default}

Configuration.from_yaml() method uses custom version of yaml.SafeLoader. To use another loader use loader argument:

import yaml

container.config.from_yaml('config.yml', loader=yaml.UnsafeLoader)

Note

Loading of a yaml configuration requires PyYAML package.

You can install the Dependency Injector with an extra dependency:

pip install dependency-injector[yaml]

or install PyYAML directly:

pip install pyyaml

Don’t forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.

Loading from a Pydantic settings¶

Configuration provider can load configuration from a pydantic settings object using the Configuration.from_pydantic() method:

import os

from dependency_injector import containers, providers
from pydantic import BaseSettings, Field

# Emulate environment variables
os.environ['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] = 'KEY'
os.environ['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'] = 'SECRET'

class AwsSettings(BaseSettings):

    access_key_id: str = Field(env='aws_access_key_id')
    secret_access_key: str = Field(env='aws_secret_access_key')

class Settings(BaseSettings):

    aws: AwsSettings = AwsSettings()
    optional: str = Field(default='default_value')

class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    container.config.from_pydantic(Settings())

    assert container.config.aws.access_key_id() == 'KEY'
    assert container.config.aws.secret_access_key() == 'SECRET'
    assert container.config.optional() == 'default_value'

To get the data from pydantic settings Configuration provider calls Settings.dict() method. If you need to pass an argument to this call, use .from_pydantic() keyword arguments.

container.config.from_pydantic(Settings(), exclude={'optional'})

Note

Dependency Injector doesn’t install pydantic by default.

You can install the Dependency Injector with an extra dependency:

pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]

or install pydantic directly:

pip install pydantic

Don’t forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.

Loading from a dictionary¶

Configuration provider can load configuration from a Python dict using the Configuration.from_dict() method:

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    container.config.from_dict(
        {
            'aws': {
                 'access_key_id': 'KEY',
                 'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
             },
        },
    )

    assert container.config() == {
        'aws': {
            'access_key_id': 'KEY',
            'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
        },
    }
    assert container.config.aws() == {
        'access_key_id': 'KEY',
        'secret_access_key': 'SECRET',
    }
    assert container.config.aws.access_key_id() == 'KEY'
    assert container.config.aws.secret_access_key() == 'SECRET'

Loading from an environment variable¶

Configuration provider can load configuration from an environment variable using the Configuration.from_env() method:

import os

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    # Emulate environment variables
    os.environ['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] = 'KEY'
    os.environ['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'] = 'SECRET'

    container.config.aws.access_key_id.from_env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
    container.config.aws.secret_access_key.from_env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
    container.config.optional.from_env('UNDEFINED', 'default_value')

    assert container.config.aws.access_key_id() == 'KEY'
    assert container.config.aws.secret_access_key() == 'SECRET'
    assert container.config.optional() == 'default_value'

Loading a value¶

Configuration provider can load configuration value using the Configuration.from_value() method:

from datetime import date

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    container.config.option1.from_value(date(2021, 6, 13))
    container.config.option2.from_value(date(2021, 6, 14))

    assert container.config() == {
        'option1': date(2021, 6, 13),
        'option2': date(2021, 6, 14),
    }
    assert container.config.option1() == date(2021, 6, 13)
    assert container.config.option2() == date(2021, 6, 14)

Loading from the multiple sources¶

Configuration provider can load configuration from the multiple sources. Loaded configuration is merged recursively over the existing configuration.

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    container.config.from_yaml('examples/providers/configuration/config.yml')
    container.config.from_yaml('examples/providers/configuration/config.local.yml')

    assert container.config() == {
        'aws': {
            'access_key_id': 'LOCAL-KEY',
            'secret_access_key': 'LOCAL-SECRET',
        },
    }
    assert container.config.aws() == {
        'access_key_id': 'LOCAL-KEY',
        'secret_access_key': 'LOCAL-SECRET',
    }
    assert container.config.aws.access_key_id() == 'LOCAL-KEY'
    assert container.config.aws.secret_access_key() == 'LOCAL-SECRET'

where examples/providers/configuration/config.local.yml is:

aws:
  access_key_id: "LOCAL-KEY"
  secret_access_key: "LOCAL-SECRET"

Using environment variables in configuration files¶

Configuration provider supports environment variables interpolation in configuration files. Use ${ENV_NAME} in the configuration file to substitute value from environment variable ENV_NAME.

section:
  option: ${ENV_NAME}

You can also specify a default value using ${ENV_NAME:default} format. If environment variable ENV_NAME is undefined, configuration provider will substitute value default.

[section]
option = {$ENV_NAME:default}

If you’d like to specify a default value for environment variable inside of the application you can use os.environ.setdefault().

import os

from dependency_injector import containers, providers

class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    os.environ.setdefault('ENV_VAR', 'default value')

    container = Container()
    container.config.from_yaml('config-with-env-var.yml')

    assert container.config.section.option() == 'default value'

If environment variable is undefined and doesn’t have a default, Configuration provider will replace it with an empty value. This is a default behavior. To raise an error on undefined environment variable that doesn’t have a default value, pass argument envs_required=True to a configuration reading method:

container.config.from_yaml('config.yml', envs_required=True)

Note

Configuration provider makes environment variables interpolation before parsing. This preserves original parser behavior. For instance, undefined environment variable in YAML configuration file will be replaced with an empty value and then YAML parser will load the file.

Original configuration file:

section:
  option: ${ENV_NAME}

Configuration file after interpolation where ENV_NAME is undefined:

section:
  option:

Configuration provider after parsing interpolated YAML file contains None in option section.option:

assert container.config.section.option() is None

Mandatory and optional sources¶

By default, methods .from_yaml() and .from_ini() ignore errors if configuration file does not exist. You can use this to specify optional configuration files.

If configuration file is mandatory, use required argument. Configuration provider will raise an error if required file does not exist.

You can also use required argument when loading configuration from dictionaries and environment variables.

Mandatory YAML file:

container.config.from_yaml('config.yaml', required=True)

Mandatory INI file:

container.config.from_ini('config.ini', required=True)

Mandatory dictionary:

container.config.from_dict(config_dict, required=True)

Mandatory environment variable:

container.config.api_key.from_env('API_KEY', required=True)

Specifying the value type¶

You can specify the type of the injected configuration value explicitly.

This helps when you read the value from an ini file or an environment variable and need to convert it into an int or a float.

import os

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class ApiClient:
    def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.timeout = timeout


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()

    api_client_factory = providers.Factory(
        ApiClient,
        api_key=config.api.key,
        timeout=config.api.timeout.as_int(),
    )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    # Emulate environment variables
    os.environ['API_KEY'] = 'secret'
    os.environ['API_TIMEOUT'] = '5'

    container.config.api.key.from_env('API_KEY')
    container.config.api.timeout.from_env('API_TIMEOUT')

    api_client = container.api_client_factory()

    assert api_client.api_key == 'secret'
    assert api_client.timeout == 5

Configuration provider has next helper methods:

.as_int()
.as_float()
.as_(callback, *args, **kwargs)

The last method .as_(callback, *args, **kwargs) helps to implement other conversions.

import os
import decimal

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class Calculator:
    def __init__(self, pi: decimal.Decimal):
        self.pi = pi


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()

    calculator_factory = providers.Factory(
        Calculator,
        pi=config.pi.as_(decimal.Decimal),
    )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    # Emulate environment variables
    os.environ['PI'] = '3.1415926535897932384626433832'

    container.config.pi.from_env('PI')

    calculator = container.calculator_factory()

    assert calculator.pi == decimal.Decimal('3.1415926535897932384626433832')

With the .as_(callback, *args, **kwargs) you can specify a function that will be called before the injection. The value from the config will be passed as a first argument. The returned value will be injected. Parameters *args and **kwargs are handled as any other injections.

Strict mode and required options¶

You can use configuration provider in strict mode. In strict mode configuration provider raises an error on access to any undefined option.

from dependency_injector import containers, providers, errors


class ApiClient:
    def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.timeout = timeout


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration(strict=True)

    api_client_factory = providers.Factory(
        ApiClient,
        api_key=config.api.key,
        timeout=config.api.timeout.as_int(),
    )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    try:
        api_client = container.api_client_factory()
    except errors.Error:
        # raises error: Undefined configuration option "config.api.key"
        ...

Methods .from_*() in strict mode raise an exception if configuration file does not exist or configuration data is undefined:

class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration(strict=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    try:
        container.config.from_yaml('does-not_exist.yml')  # raise exception
    except FileNotFoundError:
        ...

    try:
        container.config.from_ini('does-not_exist.ini')  # raise exception
    except FileNotFoundError:
        ...

    try:
        container.config.from_pydantic(EmptySettings())  # raise exception
    except ValueError:
        ...

    try:
        container.config.from_env('UNDEFINED_ENV_VAR')  # raise exception
    except ValueError:
        ...

    try:
        container.config.from_dict({})  # raise exception
    except ValueError:
        ...

Environment variables interpolation in strict mode raises an exception when encounters an undefined environment variable without a default value.

section:
  option: {$UNDEFINED}

try:
    container.config.from_yaml('undefined_env.yml')  # raise exception
except ValueError:
    ...

You can override .from_*() methods behaviour in strict mode using required argument:

class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration(strict=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    container.config.from_yaml('config.yml')
    container.config.from_yaml('config.local.yml', required=False)

You can also use .required() option modifier when making an injection. It does not require to switch configuration provider to strict mode.

class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()

    api_client_factory = providers.Factory(
        ApiClient,
        api_key=config.api.key.required(),
        timeout=config.api.timeout.required().as_int(),
    )

Note

Modifier .required() should be specified before type modifier .as_*().

Aliases¶

You can use Configuration provider with a context manager to create aliases.

from dependency_injector import containers, providers
from environs import Env


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    env = Env()
    container = Container()

    with container.config.some_plugin_name as plugin:
        plugin.some_interval_ms.override(
            env.int(
                'SOME_INTERVAL_MS',
                default=30000,
            ),
        )

        with plugin.kafka as kafka:
            kafka.bootstrap_servers.override(
                env.list(
                    'KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS',
                    default=['kafka1', 'kafka2'],
                ),
            )
            kafka.security_protocol.override(
                env.str(
                    'KAFKA_SECURITY_PROTOCOL',
                    default='SASL_SSL',
                ),
            )

Note

Library environs is a 3rd party library. You need to install it separately:

pip install environs

Documentation is available on GitHub: https://github.com/sloria/environs

Injecting invariants¶

You can inject invariant configuration options based on the value of the other configuration option.

To use that you should provide the switch-value as an item of the configuration option that contains sections config.options[config.switch]:

When the value of the config.switch is A, the config.options.A is injected
When the value of the config.switch is B, the config.options.B is injected

import dataclasses

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


@dataclasses.dataclass
class Foo:
    option1: object
    option2: object


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration(default={
        'target': 'A',
        'items': {
            'A': {
                'option1': 60,
                'option2': 80,
            },
            'B': {
                'option1': 10,
                'option2': 20,
            },
        },
    })

    foo_factory = providers.Factory(
        Foo,
        option1=config.items[config.target].option1,
        option2=config.items[config.target].option2,
    )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()

    container.config.target.from_env('TARGET')
    foo = container.foo_factory()
    print(foo.option1, foo.option2)

    # $ TARGET=A python configuration_itemselector.py
    # 60 80
    # $ TARGET=B python configuration_itemselector.py
    # 10 20

Configuration provider¶

Loading from an INI file¶

Loading from a YAML file¶

Loading from a Pydantic settings¶

Loading from a dictionary¶

Loading from an environment variable¶

Loading a value¶

Loading from the multiple sources¶

Using environment variables in configuration files¶

Mandatory and optional sources¶

Specifying the value type¶

Strict mode and required options¶

Aliases¶

Injecting invariants¶

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