Dependency Injector — Dependency injection framework for Python

Dependency Injector is a dependency injection framework for Python.

It helps implementing the dependency injection principle.

Key features of the Dependency Injector:

• Providers. Provides Factory, Singleton, Callable, Coroutine, Object, List, Dict, Configuration, Resource, Dependency and Selector providers that help assembling your objects. See Providers.

• Overriding. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing and configuring dev / stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See Provider overriding.

• Configuration. Reads configuration from yaml & ini files, environment variables and dictionaries. See Configuration provider.

• Resources. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring. See Resource provider.

• Containers. Provides declarative and dynamic containers. See Containers.

• Wiring. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrating with other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc. See Wiring.

• Typing. Provides typing stubs, mypy-friendly. See Typing and mypy.

• Performance. Fast. Written in Cython.

• Maturity. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented and supported.

from dependency_injector import containers, providers
from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()

    api_client = providers.Singleton(
        ApiClient,
        api_key=config.api_key,
        timeout=config.timeout.as_int(),
    )

    service = providers.Factory(
        Service,
        api_client=api_client,
    )


@inject
def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]):
    ...


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()
    container.config.api_key.from_env('API_KEY')
    container.config.timeout.from_env('TIMEOUT')
    container.wire(modules=[sys.modules[__name__]])

    main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically

    with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
        main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically

With the Dependency Injector objects assembling is consolidated in the container. Dependency injections are defined explicitly. This makes easier to understand and change how application works.

Explore the documentation to know more about the Dependency Injector.

Contents

• Introduction
  • Dependency injection and inversion of control in Python
  • Key features
  • Installation
• Examples
  • Application example (single container)
  • Application example (multiple containers)
  • Decoupled packages example (multiple containers)
  • Django example
  • Flask example
  • Flask blueprints example
  • Aiohttp example
  • Sanic example
  • FastAPI example
• Tutorials
  • Flask tutorial
  • Aiohttp tutorial
  • Asyncio daemon tutorial
  • CLI application tutorial
• Providers
  • Factory provider
  • Singleton provider
  • Callable provider
  • Coroutine provider
  • Object provider
  • List provider
  • Dict provider
  • Configuration provider
  • Resource provider
  • Selector provider
  • Dependency provider
  • Provider overriding
  • Injecting provided object attributes, items, or call its methods
  • Creating a custom provider
  • Typing and mypy
• Containers
  • Declarative container
  • Dynamic container
  • Specialization of the container provider type
  • Container overriding
• Wiring
  • Markers
  • Wiring with modules and packages
  • Integration with other frameworks
• Other examples
  • Use cases example
  • Password hashing example
  • Chained Factories pattern
  • Factory of Factories pattern
• API Documentation
  • dependency_injector
  • dependency_injector.providers
  • dependency_injector.containers
  • dependency_injector.wiring
  • dependency_injector.errors
• Feedback
• Changelog
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